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T - (which stands for "Time") - Shutter speed setting used for time exposures. The shutter opens when the release is pressed and closes when it is pressed again.
T&E - Trial and error.
TEARSHEET - A copy of a published page (magazine or newspaper) in which a model's picture appears. Tearsheets are generally included in a model's portfolio as evidence of work the model has done.
TECHNICAL CAMERA - Precision view camera made of metal.
TELE-CONVERTER - a lens mounted between a camera body and a lens (usually a telephoto lens) to increase the effective focal length of the lens. Also referred to as a "tele-extender". Different tele-converters have different magnifying powers, ranging from 1.4 times to 3 times the lens's normal magnification (1.4X to 3X). The effect is to increase the lens's focal length by the degree of magnification, so a 3X tele-converter used on a 50mm lens triples the image size by tripling the effective focal length to the equivalent of a 150mm lens. The disadvantages of using a tele-converter are light loss and, generally, reduced image quality.
TELEPHOTO EFFECT - Occurs when using a telephoto lens, compressing distant elements in a scene, causing objects in the image to appear closer than they are in reality.
A TELEPHOTO LENS of this super size magnifies the scene like a telescope.
TELEPHOTO LENS - A lens with a narrow angle of view, a longer-than-normal focal length, the ability to magnify images, and exhibiting relatively shallow depth of field. Examples of 35mm camera telephoto lenses include those that are longer than a normal or standard lens, such as 85mm, 400mm and 600mm lenses, to name a few.
TEST SHOTS - Photographs of a model who poses for them for free or at low cost in order to build a beginning portfolio.
TEXTURE - The visual and tactile quality of the surface of an object, revealed in a photograph by variances in tone, depth and shape. Lighting has the most influence over how well texture is captured in an image.
TFP - "Trade For Prints" or "Trade For Pictures" - an arrangement between a model and a photographer where the model receives photographs in lieu of a modeling fee.
"THICK" NEGATIVE - outdated term a dense negative.
"THIN" NEGATIVE - a negative lacking density, due to underexposure, underdevelopment or both.
THIRTY-FIVE MM EQUIVALENT or 35MM EQUIVALENT - The equivalent focal length of a lens on a 35mm camera.
THROUGH-THE-LENS - Commonly abbreviated as “TTL”. Refers to both exposure metering of the light passing through the lens (Through-the-lens metering, and TTL flash metering) and viewing a scene through the same lens that allows light to reach the sensor or the film (Through-the-lens focusing).
THUMBNAIL - A relatively small, low-resolution version of a larger image file used as a preview of the full-size image. When viewing images on your computer, groups of thumbnails are typically used to select those you wish to open and view in full size.
TIFF - Tagged Image File Format - A standard digital image format for bitmapped graphics in an uncompressed state. The image files are much larger than compressed files, but can be opened in all image-processing programs. Many photographers and graphic artists use the TIFF format when saving RAW image files that they have edited. It is the standard file format for images used in desktop publishing.
A long TIME EXPOSURE is needed to capture star trails, noticeable as curved lines in the sky.
TIME EXPOSURE - An exposure with a duration of several seconds or longer, the timing of which is measured by the photographer.
TIME LAPSE PHOTOGRAPHY - Taking a series of pictures of the same basic scene at regular, timed intervals from the same viewpoint.
TIME SHIFT - Time shift is a feature offered on the BlackBerry 10 smart phone from Research in Motion who claim that it allows the photographer who takes a picture with the phone's built-in camera "to go forward or backwards in time." Essentially the camera rapidly takes a number of pictures milliseconds apart when the shutter button is depressed. The user can blend the pictures to compose an "ideal" photograph - one, for example, in which all the people in the final photo may be smiling or have their eyes open.
TINT - (1) Gradation or variety of a color or hue. (2) A color diluted with white. (3) Varying shades of white in a photographic print, from white to buff as determined by the color of the paper.
TLR - See Twin Lens Reflex below.
TONAL RANGE - The range between the lightest and darkest areas of an image. Also known as Dynamic Range. A picture containing very bright areas and very dark areas has a "wide" tonal range. In a black and white image, tonal range refers to the various shades of gray between solid black and absolute white.
TONE - also known as "Value" - The degree of lightness or darkness, or color variation from cold tones (blues) to warm tones (reds), in an area of a print, whether a color print or a black-and-white print.
TONING - Altering the tone of a print, generally by intensification. "Toners" are the solutions used to produce different color shades.
TRANSLUCENT BODIES - Objects that permit light to pass faintly through them, but without representing the figure of objects seen through them.
TRANSPARENCY - An image made on positive film or color transparency film. The image is seen by holding the transparency in front of a light or projecting light through it onto a viewing surface, such as a movie screen or white wall. A transparency that is bound in a frame (cardboard or metal) for handling or for use in a projector is called a "slide."
TRANSPARENT BODIES - Objects that permit rays of light to pass through them.
TRANSPARENT MAGNETIC LAYER - Thin layer of magnetic particles coating the surface of APS (Advanced Photo System) film that records information such as the picture size selected by the photographer and processing data. IX (Information Exchange) technology allows photofinishing equipment to read these instructions on the film and make processing and printing adjustments for the best results from different lighting and exposure conditions.
A TRIPOD is an essential accessory for the photographer who uses slow shutter speeds.
TRIPOD - A device (typically a pole with a platform on it) on a base of three legs to which a camera can be attached, providing support that eliminates or reduces camera movement. A tripod is useful for sharp images when using slow shutter speeds or to show blur from a moving subject. The height of the pole and of the individual legs can usually be adjusted. Various models have different characteristics. Some tripods are tiny enough to be called "table top" tripods.
TTL - Abbreviation for "through-the-lens". A camera that permits you to look through the same lens used to focus the image onto the digital sensor or film has a TTL viewfinder.
TTL METER - A light meter that measures light travelling through the lens.
TUNGSTEN LIGHT - In photography, tungsten light is a generic reference to standard, artificial room lighting (the light from normal household bulbs, for example, but not fluorescent lamps.) Tungsten light is produced by an incandescent electric lamp in which the filament is made of tungsten, a rare, metallic element having a high melting point.
TUNGSTEN FILM - Film that is color-balanced for illumination from tungsten light. Also known as “Type B” color film.
Tv - Time Value. See Shutter priority.
TWAIN - Toolkit Without An Interesting Name - The software equivalent of a travel plug adapter permitting a TWAIN-compliant digital camera or scanner to "bridge" or communicate with, for example, an image-editing program on a computer.
TWIN LENS REFLEX - (TLR) A camera having two separate lenses of the same focal length - one for viewing and focusing; the other for exposing the film or image sensor. The lenses are mechanically-coupled so that both are focused at the same time.
TYPE A FILM -Color film that is color-balanced for photography of scenes illuminated by artificial light sources at a color temperature of 3400K - typically flood lamps.
TYPE B FILM - Color film that is color-balanced for photography of scenes illuminated by artificial light sources at a color temperature of 3200K - typically tungsten and household lamps. This is the more commonly-used of the two types.
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